Eddy lejeune birthplace of democracy
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Paul Lejeune-Jung
German politician
Paul Adolf Franz Lejeune-Jung, (actually Lejeune genannt Jung, meaning called Jung) (16 March 1882 in Cologne – 8 September 1944 in Berlin, executed) was a German economist, politician, lawyer in the wood pulp industry, and resistance fighter against Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.
Early life
[edit]Lejeune-Jung's roots were in an old Huguenot family in Berlin. Forebears had run the Jungsche Apotheke, still owned by the family, where the writer Theodor Fontane, who trained as a pharmacist, once worked. Committed to the Huguenot tradition, the family was French Reformed. Lejeune-Jung's mother, however, a CatholicRhinelander, had her children baptized in the Catholic Church, thereby starting the development of a Catholic twig in an otherwise Protestant family tree. As a captain in the Britishmerchant marine, Paul's father was for years at sea, until after being stationed in Hamburg and Cologne, where his son Paul was born, he settled down in Rathenow an der Havel, where he died in 1889.
Paul Lejeune-Jung completed the requirements for his secondary school certificate (Mittlere Reife), and following his mother's wishes, he then went to a humanistic Gymnasium, the Theodorianum in Paderborn, a town with a strong Catholic cha
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Regulating legislative lobbying in Switzerland: superfluous or overdue?
Introduction
In February 2024, an overwhelming majority of the National Council, the Swiss federal legislature’s lower house, rejected a bill that aimed to restrict tobacco advertising targeting children. A few months earlier, the upper house, the Council of States, had already weakened the Federal Council’s original bill (Swiss Federal Assembly 2024). Both moves showed the reluctance of the Swiss legislature to implement a constitutional initiative aiming to protect children and young adults from tobacco advertising, despite the public support expressed by the Swiss people in a popular vote two years earlier, in February 2022. These moves can also be seen as a manifestation of the strong influence that the tobacco lobby holds on the Swiss legislature: In 2022, at least 41 of 246 Swiss legislators (i.e., 17%) had direct or indirect ties to the tobacco industry (Watson 2022). Switzerland is the seat of several major tobacco multinationals, and in 2023, it was the country where the tobacco industry had the second-highest influence worldwide, just after the Dominican Republic (Swiss Association for Tobacco Control 2023). Switzerland has the second-weakest tobacco regulation in Europe, right after Bosnia a